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Drummuckavall Ambush : ウィキペディア英語版
Drummuckavall Ambush

The Drummuckavall Ambush was an attack by the South Armagh Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) on a British Army observation post southeast of Crossmaglen, County Armagh, along the border with the Republic of Ireland. It occurred on 22 November 1975 and resulted in the deaths of three British soldiers.
== Background ==

During the mid-1970s, the most violent decade of the Troubles in Northern Ireland, the monitoring of the border between south County Armagh and the Republic of Ireland by the British Army was carried out from several static observation posts (OPs). The main goal of these OPs was to prevent attacks launched from beyond the border. These part-time manned positions were highly vulnerable to attack, as proved by a 1974 bomb attack which claimed the lives of two Royal Marines at the outpost of Drummuckavall.〔Harnden, p.254〕
It was not until 1986, when the first surveillance watchtowers were erected in operations ''Condor'' and ''Magistrate'' that the British Army tried to regain the initiative in the region from the IRA.〔"'Before the towers went in they (IRA ) almost had complete freedom of movement and could pick the time and the place' he (Colonel Tim Spicer ) said. 'They had a number of aces in their hand, and our intention was to try to take the initiative from them through total surveillance combined with impredictable patrols.'"Harnden, p.253〕
The intelligence and control over the area relied until then, and for a lapse of ten years, mostly on mobile posts comprising small uncovered infantry sections.〔"The SAS was a finite resource and was soon being used throughout Northern Ireland so there was a need for regular soldiers to be trained to operate covertly. This led to the establishment of Close Observation Platoons (COPs) by Major General Dick Trant in 1977. (...) As well as carrying out surveillance, COPs -which are tasked by RUC Special Branch rather than by the Army- have also been used in South Armagh to mount ambushes." Harnden, p.169〕

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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